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Sewerage device from concrete rings scheme. Sewerage from concrete rings and its scheme

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Arrangement of the sewage disposal structure is one of the main problems that the owner of a private house has to solve. To perform this work, you can use various building materials, but if you want to install the sewer system yourself, experts recommend using one of the most common options - this is the installation of sewer rings (see photo).

An important feature of these reinforced concrete products is their round shape, which facilitates the waterproofing process. Installation of sewerage systems using rings has both advantages and disadvantages.

It is necessary to equip the sewer when sewer rings are used strictly in accordance with the instructions. By doing this work yourself, you can complete it in the shortest possible time and at the same time save money. Rings are much stronger than bricks and more durable.

Installation of sewer rings is an easy job due to their round shape. But they have such a serious drawback as a lot of weight, therefore, to move them around the land, it is necessary to use lifting equipment (read: ""). It is undesirable to roll them, because cracks may appear on them.

Installation of sewer rings is carried out using the following tools:

• trowel;
• ruler and rule;
• hammer and chisel;
• mortar box;
• barrel for water;
• tamper;
• bucket.

Do-it-yourself installation of reinforced concrete rings for sewerage

When the owners visit the country house or cottage infrequently, then the water consumption is negligible, which means that for the disposal of sewage and sewage, it is possible to get by with the arrangement of a cesspool. In the case of permanent residence in a private house, you need to build a septic tank.

The sizes of sewer rings for arranging sewerage are as follows:

• height - 90 centimeters;
• width (diameter) - different.

Let's look at how many rings are needed for sewers. Most often, the construction of a cesspool requires 3-4 products with a diameter of 1 meter. Also, for concreting the bottom of the pit and the joints between the rings, a mixture of sand and cement will be required. From above, the structure is covered with a concrete cover with a hatch.

Installation of rings under the sewer begins with earthworks. They dig a pit with a margin for the diameter of these products in order to make their installation easier.

Then you should make a foundation for the tank in accordance with the shape of the iron concrete rings. The bottom of the pit is filled with concrete. You can do it yourself. It takes about 3-5 days for the concrete coating to harden. After that, they move on to the next stage.

The installation of sewer rings is carried out with the help of special equipment, while it is necessary to provide for the possibility of access for lifting vehicles to the place of work.

After completion of the installation of reinforced concrete products, it is necessary to plaster the surface of the structure from the inside and ensure its tightness. The quality of waterproofing is of great importance, otherwise untreated drains will enter the soil and disrupt the ecology of the site. Then you need to bring the pipeline from the house, put the concrete cover in place and make ventilation (it can be equipped with 100 mm sewer pipes 40-60 centimeters high). As a result, one must not forget to pump out sewage from the sump at least once or twice a year with the help of a sewage machine.

Such a treatment plant as a septic tank made of reinforced concrete products is installed if people are constantly in the house and a large amount of water is consumed daily.

Modern local sewerage system

Provided that a family consisting of several people who regularly use washing machine and a bathroom, which means a large amount of water is wasted, an internal sewer system and a filter well are being equipped. First of all, you need to calculate the size of the septic tank, the distance of the septic tank from the house and the volume of the sewer ring - then you can calculate the number of reinforced concrete products that you need to purchase.

Let's say you know both the volume of the septic tank and what rings are needed.

To build a sewage treatment plant you will need:

• three rings measuring 1000x900 millimeters;
• for concreting the pit - a mixture of sand and cement;
• gravel;
• sand;
• concrete cover with hatch.

A drainage well is necessary so that the liquid from the septic tank becomes purified and clarified and then directed into the soil. Drains through sewer pipes enter the septic tank, made by analogy with the drain pit. It also needs waterproofing.

If a family consists of 4 people, it consumes about 150 liters of water daily, and the volume of the septic tank should be 3-4 cubic meters. The minimum slope of the sewer pipeline should not be less than 2 centimeters, and the maximum - 5 centimeters per linear meter.

Construction of a filter well from sewer rings

Such a well is necessary for filtering wastewater and sewage entering the septic tank through the pipeline. Solid fractions settle at the bottom, and the water is redirected to the drainage well, from which it goes into the soil.
It is necessary to dig a ditch under the filter well until a layer of sand is reached. If this is not possible, then a drainage field should be arranged, which can be done independently.

A drainage well is built in a certain sequence:

1. First of all, a pillow of sand 50 centimeters thick is poured and carefully compacted.
2. Gravel 20 cm thick is placed on the sand.
3. Before digging in the sewer rings, drainage holes are drilled in the first of them, which have a diameter of 30-50 millimeters. They are made at a distance of 50 centimeters from each other in a checkerboard pattern.
4. A ring with holes is lowered into the pit with the help of special equipment.
5. Next, the installation of sewer rings, which still remain. They are connected to each other.
6. From the outside of the well, a layer of gravel is poured up to the height of the outermost of the drainage holes.
7. The rings are connected to a septic tank.
8. The well is covered with a concrete cover and the structure is covered with previously excavated soil.

Sewerage from concrete rings allows you to solve the problem of collecting and high-quality wastewater treatment in a country house, it is quite possible to make such a septic tank with your own hands. Let's figure out how to build it correctly.

Concrete ring construction - an inexpensive and effective septic tank

In a modern private house, it is impossible to do without sewage. Uncomfortable cesspools emitting unpleasant "aromas" are a thing of the past. Now every owner of a private residential building is trying to acquire a septic tank that collects wastewater and then cleans it. You can purchase ready-made structures and order their installation. But this requires a lot of money.

It is much easier to make a functional sewer yourself using a relatively inexpensive and affordable material - concrete rings.

Such a homemade is characterized by a number of advantages, it:

• eco-friendly;
• operated for 40–50 years;
• economical;
• is easy to install and maintain;
• can be used all year round.

The described homemade sewer system requires regular pumping. The terms of its implementation can be significantly "stretched" if special biological organisms (bacteria) are used. They activate the process of decomposition of wastewater in the septic tank. Due to this, you will rarely pump out - once every 5-7 years, even with a very active operation of the sewer.

We also note that from concrete rings it does not spoil the landscape of a suburban area. The area above the sewer structure can be planted with low shrubs and beautiful flowers. They will "hide" the septic tank and at the same time will not interfere with the access of vehicles for pumping wastewater. If desired, it is easy to disguise the “concrete” sewerage as the now popular alpine slides, overlay it with decorative and natural stones.

The device of the sewer system - no difficulties

A standard concrete septic tank consists of three chambers. In the first, sewage is settled, in the second they are cleaned. In the third, wastewater is filtered; instead, filtration fields are often equipped. They can be installed in the presence of free space on a suburban area.

In the first chamber, aerobic bacteria process wastewater and clarify the latter. The result of the activity of the bacterium is the receipt of pure water or sludge. The final clarification of the waste masses is carried out in the second chamber. In it, unrecycled solids sink to the bottom. And in the third tank, the purified water is absorbed (through the drainage cushion) into the ground. When the last chamber is completely filled, it is necessary to pump out the drains. If the sewerage of a private house is designed and built correctly, there is no need to remove water, it all goes by gravity into the ground.

Please note that air must be supplied to the third tank. It contains oxygen, without which the fermentation of sewage masses is impossible. The design of the first two tanks is not much different. They consist of concrete rings and a slab mounted on a sand-cement screed, holes for the inlet and outlet of drains, a cover (usually made of wood) with which the rings are covered, and a hatch (cast iron) necessary for high-quality sealing of the chambers. The third container, where aerobic fermentation is carried out, is mounted on a drainage cushion - a layer of crushed stone, gravel, sand. It consists of concrete rings, a cast-iron hatch and a wooden cover (ventilation holes must be made in them), an entrance for drains.

In this tank, in its lowest concrete ring, a special hole is also required. Through it, sewage water will go into the soil. If few people live in a country house (2-3 people) or the dwelling is not used all year round, it is allowed to make one chamber to settle the drains. In this case, the septic tank will consist of only two tanks. But for a large family, it is better to build a standard three-chamber sewer.

Preparation of the site for the installation of a septic tank - all the nuances of the process

Sewerage should not be installed dangerously close to drinking water distribution points and housing. According to the current Sannorms, sewerage from the rings is located: from clean water sources - 30 meters or more; from residential buildings - 5-20 meters. It is advisable to build a septic tank at some elevation. Then it will not be flooded with melt water and rain.

If it is not possible to install a sewer on a hill, you need to clarify the height of the groundwater location and the amount of its change in different seasons. And, based on these data, choose a place for the construction of the structure. The number of concrete rings and the geometric parameters of the sewer are determined by the number of residents who constantly use water. One person uses about 200 liters of water per day. The volume of the septic tank according to accepted standards should be three times larger.

Knowing this, it will be easy for you to calculate the size of the sewer. As a rule, for a family of 5–7 people, a sewage system with a volume of three cubic meters is sufficient, for a family of 3–4, two cubic meters, and for 1–2, 1.5 cubic meters. We will place all the chambers of the septic tank in one pit, which means that it must be quite voluminous. It is difficult to dig such a large hole by hand. Therefore, at this stage of work, it is better to spend money on ordering an excavator. Although you can use a regular shovel as well. True, the process in this case will be delayed. You can dig three pits - next to each other. The distance between them is about 100 cm.

The depth of the pit is two or more meters, and its width is taken 30–40 centimeters more than the diameter of the concrete rings used. The bottom of the pit is concreted with a sand-cement mixture (proportions - 3 to 1). Solidification of such a solution occurs in 5-7 days. Concrete should be poured on a cushion of crushed stone, sand and gravel. Its thickness is about 0.5 meters.

Installation of rings and arrangement of sewers - we do the main work

You will not be able to lower the concrete rings into the prepared pit on your own. One such product has a mass of about 350–500 kg. It is necessary to order special equipment (crane). Its rent will fully pay off with a high-quality installation of rings. Installation of sewer rings is carried out in stages - the first product is installed, then the second, and so on. The products are connected to each other with a cement mixture. The fixation of the rings should be carried out as tightly as possible.

The sections of their joints must be sealed with a conventional sand-cement mortar or ready-made compounds sold in hardware stores. Experts, in addition, recommend additionally applying coating-type waterproofing to the outer parts of the joints. It is best to use welded sealants for these purposes. Important point! If there is a possibility of soil movement on the site, the rings should be additionally fixed to each other with brackets or metal plates.

Then proceed to the installation of sewer pipes, taking into account the following requirements:

1. The tubular product is brought to the first tank under a slight slope.
2. The pipe between the second and first containers is placed 0.2 meters below the inlet pipe.
3. The third tubular product (between the second and last tank) is mounted another 0.2 meters lower.

Holes in concrete rings for pipes are made with a perforator. This procedure, which is objectively time-consuming, can be avoided by ordering rings with pre-punched "holes" of certain sizes. Pipe entry points must be sealed. Most often, liquid glass is used for these purposes. Now you need to put covers (made of wood or cast iron) on top of the rings and fill the pit with tanks with the soil that you dug from the hole. It is advisable to mix it with sand. The septic is ready!

Comfortable living in a country or private house is impossible without summing up all the elements of infrastructure. If it is not possible to connect to the central water supply and wastewater disposal, then an autonomous sewer system is required.

The simplest and most reliable type of such structures is a septic tank assembled from concrete elements. Most often, such structures include several chambers. The dimensions of concrete rings for sewerage, their number and installation scheme may differ depending on the total volume of the septic tank, its location on the site, as well as the specifics of the soil and the height of groundwater.

General view of the structure

Most often, a septic tank made of concrete elements consists of three separate wells. With a sufficient depth of groundwater and the possibility of increasing the height of the structure, the number of chambers is sometimes reduced to two.

Main elements

The general scheme of the septic tank can be represented as follows:

• receiving chamber - a well into which all wastewater from the house enters;
• secondary sump, which performs the function of additional purification of light wastewater;
• a filtering well through which almost completely purified water returns to the ground.

The installation of the first two chambers of the treatment plant is carried out on a concrete base, followed by sealing of all seams, which ensures the protection of the site from leakage of untreated effluents. For a filtering sewer well, installation is carried out with a drainage layer device for the gradual removal of treated effluents.

All chambers are interconnected by connecting pipes, and in the first well an opening is additionally prepared for the sewer pipe to enter from the house. In the upper part of all three compartments during installation, heavy hatches and additional rings with hatches are installed, providing technical access to the wells.

Advantages of the building

The advantages of such septic tanks include:

• reliability and structural strength;
• ease of installation and maintenance;
• the low cost of the entire structure.

But it should be noted that when installing such a treatment plant in a private house, it is worth considering several nuances. The concrete septic tank is not airtight, so smell can spread from it. Yes, and with a slight depth of groundwater, this option may be ineffective.

Calculation of the future septic tank

When drawing up a scheme for future sewage, several factors must be taken into account:

• the number of permanent residents;
• the volume of the selected type of reinforced concrete ring;
• the minimum term for wastewater treatment is 3 days.

It is in the bookmark of the number of inhabitants of a private house or cottage that the main mistakes most often occur. It must be remembered that the calculation must be based on the largest number of people, including those temporarily present. After all, if the septic tank is designed for the needs of a family of three, and guests come to them, then the system may not be able to cope with the volume of effluents.

Regulatory data

The normative consumption of water per day per person is 200 liters. Thus, the number of people is multiplied by 0.2 m3 and then tripled. If the system must withstand the load of water consumption by 5 people, then the daily discharge can reach 1 cubic meter, and the required volume reserve for three days involves an increase in the septic tank wells to 3 m3.

The number of concrete rings is calculated based on the volume of the chambers. The standard ring holds 0.6 - 0.62 m3, so the required volume of the septic tank must be divided by the capacity of the ring. In addition, three rings should be added to create technical chambers.

It should be remembered that even with a small number of people, the height of the well must be at least 1.2 meters (2 rings). For normal sedimentation of solid particles from primary effluents, the water column above the solid sediment must be at least 1 m.

Installation of a septic tank from concrete elements

After carrying out the basic calculations, it is necessary to develop a layout of the sewer system. According to existing standards, the septic tank must be located at least 5 m from the boundaries of the site, 10 m from the house to prevent undermining the foundation, and also 30 m from the nearest surface reservoir.

Do not forget that the maximum distance from the source of water supply is also required. If there is a slope on the site, the septic tank must be located below the drinking water intake point. After choosing a location, the installation of a treatment plant for a private house or cottage is carried out in several stages.

Soil development

When installing a septic tank that includes several chambers, it is best to prepare one common pit. To carry out all the work, it is economically more expedient to hire special equipment. In this case, the development of the soil will take no more than 2 - 3 hours.

The installation of the receiving chamber and the sump must be carried out on a concrete base to prevent the flow of raw sewage. Therefore, the bottom of the pit at the installation sites of these wells is rammed, a layer of roofing material is laid as a waterproofing and a small pedestal is poured.

At the installation site of the filtration well, the soil is not rammed, part of it is replaced with a crushed stone pillow, the height of which should be at least 50 cm. Such a filter made of coarse aggregate will allow water to freely go into the ground, and will also serve for final water purification.

Creating cameras

When installing the rings, you will also need special lifting equipment, such as a small truck crane or manipulator. First, the skeleton of each well is assembled by setting the estimated number of rings. For a better connection, the rings can be laid on mortar or special glue.

The joints of the rings with each other and with the base are carefully sealed with mortar. For additional waterproofing, liquid glass can be added to the mixture at the rate of 10 g of additive for every 1 kg of cement.

For additional protection of the well, it is better to treat the joints of the elements with mastics or coloring composites for waterproofing from the outside and inside. Such a finish will not interfere with the entire body of the well.

On top of each chamber, special reinforced concrete covers with holes for a hatch and a ventilation pipe are installed.

Connecting cameras into a single system

After installing the rings, it is necessary to connect all the elements of the septic tank into a single structure. To facilitate pipe routing, it is best to order rings with side holes. Otherwise, niches for the pipeline can be prepared using a special crown for concrete with a diameter of at least 114 mm or manually.

It must be remembered that the septic tank of the rings is designed for independent movement of drains, so the installation of pipes must be carried out very carefully. In the receiving chamber, the sewer pipe must be laid with a slope of 2 cm for each meter of length. That is why you can not take the sewer too far from the house.

The connecting pipes between the chambers must be located below the inlet level of the main drains, otherwise the flow will cycle and the septic tank will stop working. The entry points of all pipes must be carefully sealed with mortar and additionally treated with waterproofing and sealing compound.

Backfilling a septic tank

After installation of all elements of the system, backfilling of the pit is carried out. For these purposes, it is also best to hire special equipment, because manual labor will require no less payment than renting a tractor with a bucket or a loader.

It is necessary to fill the septic tank with soil removed during the construction of the pit. With a high clay content, you can add a little sand that can be more evenly distributed around the structure. After the filling is completed, the septic tank is ready for use.

With the correct calculation and installation, a septic tank made of concrete rings can become a very effective and inexpensive treatment system for a country or private house, which will serve its owners for at least 50 years.

The construction of a country house is best to start with the arrangement of sewers. Agree, it is not an easy task to properly design and organize wastewater disposal at the site. We'll have to think carefully about solving this problem. After all, improper arrangement of sewerage threatens to make life in the house unbearable.

We will tell you how to independently create a functional septic tank on the site. So, among affordable materials used in the construction of local treatment facilities, today the most popular are concrete rings.

It will be about how to build septic tanks from rings with your own hands, and what to consider during the installation process. In addition, in the article you will find videos with advice from experienced professionals, detailed instructions for installing a septic tank, as well as many useful recommendations about the sewerage system in a country house.

Concrete rings, which are the basis for the manufacture of structure walls, have high operational parameters.

Thanks to their technical advantages, the tanks built from them are durable and highly resistant to aggressive media.

Concrete ring septic tanks, designed for collection and subsequent biological treatment of wastewater - ideal for well-drained and, moreover, soils not prone to frost heaving

The arrangement of such systems requires large squares of space. But under given conditions, sometimes only such a system works.

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Polypropylene pipes are famous for their strength and elasticity; their operating temperature is about 65°C

The diameter of asbestos-cement or polymer pipes used for overflow should be 110-120 mm.

Step # 3 - digging a pit and arranging the bottom

Earthwork is best done after the onset of the first frost or in the hottest months. During this period, the lowest level of groundwater is observed.

The pit can be dug manually by hiring a team of "diggers" for this, or using the services of an excavator. If we take into account the costs of excavation, then the costs for a team of diggers will be comparable to the amounts that will be spent on calling special equipment.

The dimensions of the finished pit should exceed the dimensions of the installed rings by 50-80 cm. This will simplify the installation process and allow external waterproofing of the construction joints.

When calculating the depth of the pit, three values ​​\u200b\u200bare summed up: the height of a monolithic or filtration cushion (20-30 cm) + the height of the rings (indicated in the table) + the height of the slab (15 cm).

A large amount of soil extracted from the pit should be removed from the site immediately, using the same machine that delivered the rings.

The pit for the installation of a treatment plant should be two-tiered: its second tank should be buried 50 cm lower than the first. Alternatively, dig your own hole for each tank.

To bring sewer pipes, trenches are dug, laying them below the freezing depth of the soil. The width and depth of the trenches are selected based on the dimensions of the rings used to build the tanks. Most often they are made 50 cm wide with a depth of 1.2-1.5 m.